HONGE OIL AS A BIODIESEL

There are near about 300 varieties of non-edible oil seed bearing trees in India. Many of the foresters were of the view that the Honge Tree is God’s gift to India. It is very versatile tree that grows in land as well as in coastal area and all these without much care. Growing these trees enhances the maintenance of environment of the surrounding and offers employment opportunities. Honge oil is extracted from the seed of Honge tree, whose Latin name is Pongammia Pinnata and whose international name is Pongammia Pinnata Perry. Honge oil can be produced on a commercial scale provided the right strategies are followed.

 

The performance of the engine with Honge oil is found to be satisfactory. The viscosity of Honge oil has to be corrected by preheating the oil. The output of the engine remains almost the same though the calorific value is slightly lower. Taken into account the sale value of cake which is a good fertilizer, Honge oil works out to be cheaper (i.e. Rs 13 per kg) compared to current price of diesel. The high viscosity of Honge oil interferes with injection process and leads to poor fuel atomization. The high viscosity has to be overcome by using methyl ester honge oil. The  transformation of Honge oil to its methyl ester reduces molecular weight to one third, reduces viscosity to one eighth and increases the diesel index.

Karanj and Jatropha cultivation

Bio Diesel is source of energy, supplement for Petroleum products. Bio Diesel is manufactured by using different edible and non-edible oils but edible oils use is not economical and no surplus production for costing purposes. So other sources are non-edible oils, such as Karanj oil, Neem oil, Mahua Oil, Jatropha oil, and Karanj oil. In compression ignition and spark ignition engines for different utilities Since India can not affroad the use of edible vegetable oils as power sources because of short supply, Researcher and planner suggested the use of non edible vegetable oils as alternatives fuels like Pongamia, Jatropha and Neem etc .As India consists of 40% of waste land .It is develop all theses lands by growing non edible oil plants which not only gives the oil but also enriches the environment by adding the green forest cover for Ecological balance.

 

According to Indian climate and Research Government of India decided to undertake plantation of Karanj and Jatropha plants in barren, waste and unfertile soil from North to South and East to West, Government of India decided two Non Edible oils from Karanj and Jatropha plants are suitable for Biodiesel manufacturing.

 

So it is better to use the available plants, which produce the non-edible oil seeds to cater the needs at rural level for self-sustainability. Though there are more than 300 different species of trees which produces oil bearing seeds, pongamia and jatropha are the drought resistant plants, which grow with limited water which has enough potential to meet the fossil fuel demand at rural level. Hence these plants can well be utilized to produce the Biodiesel at rural and industrial level. Karanj plant is known by different names as per local level. Pongamia pinnata is botanical name from leguminosea family. It has different uses, medicinal as well as Ayurvedic. Karanj has long life from 60 to 80 years. It has tendency to stay in drought condition, no need of irrigation. Karanj plant is resistant to diseases and insects free. They also used as road shading tree because it is green in summer also. So it helps to increase the natural beauty and decrease the soil erosion. Karanj cake and leaves also helpful in organic manure accordingly it helps to increase the economy of Indian farmers.

 

Now a days agriculture forestry Dept. worked on different varieties of Karanj plant for high yielding and high oil percentage. Some institutions like SUTRA, Dept. of Mechanical Engg., Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore has developed the hybrid variety by grafting which is high yielding and oil percentages. Planting methods, fertilizers and new techniques also developed. Stump technique is method in which plants are grown for one year in nursery and transfer in the field after one year by making stump shape by removing leaves and branches which is more convenient for transportation. It saves the money and nursery accessories. Other technique is tissue culture, helps to produce good quality seed plant in short time.

 

Jatropha curcus is plant belongs to Euphorbiaceae family known by Mogali Erand, Ratan jyot, Ratna jyot in Telagu Nepalam and Yellamunaka, in Kannada Kadalabudu.etc. in different regions of India . Jatropha plant is used by local and Adivasi people for different purpose. All parts of plants are used by local people. It has medicinal value. Its roots are used against Aatisaar, stem used for dental problem an4 tooth cleaning, leaf extract also useful in cattle problem.

 

Benefits of Karnj and Jatropha cultivation: -

• Cultivation of Karanj and Jatropha plants prevents soil erosion and makes the soil fertile.

• Cost of cultivation is low as compare to other plants.

• Low requirement of water and also stay in low ground water level.

• Seasonal and regional acceptance.

• Often cheated by unfavorable monsoon.

• Lack of insurance coverage.

• Long life plant

• Low insect and disease damage.

• It increases rural employment.

• Pollution control.

 

Bio-Diesel Plantation Requirement

PRESENT CONSUMPTION OF DIESEL 3 CRORES 70 LAKH TON

IF 20% BIODIESEL USED WITH DIESEL REQUIRED 70 TO 80 LAKH TON BIODIESEL OIL

80 LAKH TON OIL REQUIRED

FOR 80 LAKH TON OIL REQUIRED 

1 CRORE HECTRE LAND FOR PLANTATION

Biodiesel program in India

In India most of the trials were done using bio diesel from Karanj and Jatropha.

 

Indian Railway Conducted a successful trial run of an Express Passenger train on the Delhi-Amritsar route using 5% of biodiesel as fuel. Indian Oil Corporation began in January 2007 field trials of running buses on diesel doped with 5% biodiesel. Hariyana Roadway buses used of Biodiesel. Automobile manufacturers like Mahindra and Mahindra, Ashok Leyland etc. have already tried biodiesel mix as a fuel for their vehicles. Harbinsons Biotech Pvt. Ltd. has set up pilot plant at Gurgaon. IIT Delhi, IIT Chennai, have already set up a biodiesel products facility of 60 kg/day at Faridabad. Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. has a pilot plant using Karanj for Biodiesel production in Mumbai.

 

What are biofuels

 Renewable fuels from biosources includes : -

1. Ethanol

2. Biodiesel

3. Biogas

Why Biofuels

• Pollution threat

• Reduction of green house gas emission

• Regional development

• Social structure & Agriculture

• Security of supply.

Importance of Biodiesel

• Environment friendly

• Clean burning

• Renewable fuel

• No engine modification

• Increase in Engine life

• Biodegradable & non toxic

• Easy to handle and store.

 

 

Sr.	Parameters	Quantity	Rs in crores
1	Imports Currently Petroleum Products	70%	1,27,000
2	Petroleum Products Demand target (200-07)	120.4 MT
3	Domestic Production of Crude oil and Natural gas	33.97 MT
4	Huge gap between Demand and Production	86.43 MT
5	Current Consumption of Diesel in India Approx	40 MT
6	Consumption Expected to reach in 2006-07(5.6%)	52.32 MT
7	Crude Oil Requirement	105 MT
8	Imports of Crude Oil	70.00%
9	Present Production of Crude oil	30.00%
10	Demand of Crude oil in 2006-07	78.00 MT

 

The economy of a country mainly depends upon its energy source. Energy source is the main contribution factor for the development and growth of the developing countries. Among the various sources identified for alternate fuel Non-edible oils were considered to be ideal in view of compatible properties with respect to diesel. This Biodiesel concept is been adopted with Jatropha and Karanj oils in our country.

 

India has vast tract of degraded lands, mostly in areas with adverse Agro – Climatic condition, where hardy tree bone oil seed Species like jatropha, Karanj, etc. can be grown easily. Even 30 million Hectares planted for Biodiesel can completely replace the current use of Fossil fuel. Our oil bill is presently $ 6 Million a Year and the Waste Land Development would required only about 1000 Crores per Year for 20 Years to make India self sufficient forever in oil. Developing A strong market for Biodiesel would have Treatmendous economic Benefits. Investment in Biodiesel will have great

Future.

BIODIESEL FUELS FOR THE FUTURE

India is the sixth country in the world with a billion population. Our country faces problems in regard to the fuel requirement for increased transportation demand and now imports about 70 % of its petroleum requirement .The petroleum import bill is about 14 billion dollars. The current yearly consumption of diesel oil in India is approximately 40 million tones forming 40 % of the total petroleum products consumption. The potential demand for Biodiesel at 20% blend is estimated at 13.38 million tones per annum by 2012. In the present problematic traditional cultivation, raising of energy plantation to produce Biodiesel, farmers can develop and utilize waste lands and improve incomes, rural labour will have more employment opportunities and soil fertility and condition will improve. Any vegetable oil can be converted in to Biodiesel; however, in India there is no surplus production of edible oil. Therefore, the oil that can be used as Biodiesel has to be non-edible oil.

 

Produced in abundance and with stand harsh climate, as they would be taken up in wastelands, the most suitable species in this regard are Jatropha and Pongamia. These plants could be grown on wasteland about 80 million hectares of which is available in India. The oil extracted from the seed is used in place of diesel after simple filtration. After further processing this can be used in four wheelers. The seed cake after extraction of oil will be very good organic manure as it contain high nitrogen content. This cake can also be utilized for biogas production. The pruned leaves are used as green leaf manure.